Let's consider the question about the design process.  It helps if we are all on the same page when we talk about the design process.  Here are the steps in a process that probably describes the design process for items ranging from bridges to integrated circuits.

• Needs analysis.
• Get/devise specifications.
• Devise possible solutions.
• Fill in the details.
• Predict performance.
• Check predicted performance vs specs.
• Implement the design.
• If specs met OK.  If not "tweak" solution.