Arthur Gilman Shapiro

Bucknell University Phone: (570) 577-1671
Department of Psychology E-mail: shapiro@bucknell.edu
Lewisburg, PA 17837 www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/shapiro

Professional

2003- Bucknell University, Associate Professor of Psychology

Faculty Affiliate, Biomedical Engineering Program

2000-01 University of Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, External Director of Studies
(during junior leave from Bucknell University)

1998-02 Bucknell University, Assistant Professor of Psychology

1995-98 Lewis and Clark College, Assistant Professor of Psychology

Education

1992-95 Post-Doc The University of Chicago,

Laboratory of Joel Pokorny and Vivianne C. Smith

1992 Ph.D. Columbia University, Department of Psychology,

Dissertation: The Response and Interaction of the Cardinal Color Mechanisms

1987 B.A. University of California, San Diego

Mathematics, with a specialization in Computer Science

Psychology, with a specialization in Cognitive Science

Grants

2000-03 “Visual Adaptation at Mesopic Light Levels.”
$100,000, National Institutes of Health, AREA Award.

1995-97 "Color Vision and the Interaction of Photoreceptor Signals."
$25,000, Medical Research Foundation of Oregon.

1992-95 "Temporal Properties of the L- and M-Cone Systems."
NIH, Individual National Research Service Award.

Publications

Shapiro, A. G., D’Antona, A. D., Charles, J. P., Belano, L. A., Smith, J. B., & Sher-Hayman, M. (submitted). “Induced contrast asynchronies.” Journal of Vision

Shapiro, A. G., D’Antona, A. D., Smith, J. B., Belano, L. A., & Charles, J. P. (submitted). “The induced contrast asynchrony as a measure of equiluminance.” Visual Neuroscience

Shapiro, A. G., Hood, S. M., & Mollon J. D. (2003). “Temporal sensitivity and contrast adaptation.” Normal and Defective Colour Vision, Oxford University Press

Shapiro, A. G., Beere, J. L., & Zaidi, Q. (2003). “Time course of S-cone system adaptation to simple and complex fields.” Vision Research. Vol. 43 1135-1147

Shapiro, A. G. (2002). “Cone specific mediation of rod system sensitivity.” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Vol. 43, No. 1. pp. 898-905

Shapiro, A. G., Beere, J. L., & Zaidi, Q. (2001). “Time course of adaptation along the RG cardinal axis.” Color: research and application. Vol. 26, pp. S43-S47.

Eisner, A., Shapiro, A. G., & Middleton, J. A. (1998). "Equivalence between temporal frequency and modulation depth in flicker response suppression: analysis of the three-process model of adaptation." Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol 15, No. 8. pp. 1987-2002.

Shapiro, A. G., Pokorny, J., & Smith, V. (1996). "Cone-rod receptor spaces with illustrations that use CRT phosphor and light-emitting-diode spectra." Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 13, No. 12, pp. 2319-2328.

Shapiro, A. G., Pokorny, J., & Smith, V. (1996). "Conditional variables of the scotopic threshold-versus-illuminance curve." Color: research and application, Vol. 21, pp. 80-85.

Ábráham, G., Körösi, H., Schanda, J., Shapiro, A., G., and Wenzel, K. (1995). "Anomalies in additive color matches." Color: research and application, Vol. 20, pp. 235-249.

Shapiro, A. G., Pokorny, J., & Smith, V. (1994). "Rods and the 10 color-matching functions." Color: research and application, Vol. 19, pp. 236-245.

Zaidi, Q. & Shapiro, A. G. (1993). "Adaptive orthogonalization of opponent-color signals." Biological Cybernetics, Vol. 69, No. 5/6, pp. 415-428.

Shapiro, A. G., Pokorny, J., & Smith, V. (1993). "Rod activity and large-field color-matching functions." Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE), Advanced Colorimetry Report x007, pp. 65-70.

Greenstein, V., Shapiro, A. G., Zaidi, Q., & Hood, D. (1993). "Chromatic and luminance sensitivity in diabetes and glaucoma." Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 10, No. 8, pp. 1785-1791.

Greenstein, V., Shapiro, A. G., Zaidi, Q., & Hood, D. (1992). "Sites of disease action in diabetics." Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Vol. 33, pp. 2781-2790.

Shapiro, A. G. & Zaidi, Q. (1992). "The effects of prolonged temporal modulation on the differential response of color mechanisms." Vision Research, Vol. 32, pp. 2065-2075.

Zaidi, Q., Shapiro, A. G., & Hood, D. (1992). "The effect of adaptation on the differential sensitivity of the s-cone color system." Vision Research, Vol. 32, No. 7, pp. 1297-1318.

Extended abstracts

Shapiro, A. G., Pokorny, J., & Smith, V. (1995). "Defining rod-photoreceptor space.” In: The annual report of the pan-chromatic society.

Zaidi, Q. & Shapiro, A. G. (1992). "Combinations of signals from opponent color mechanisms." In Advances in Color Vision, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C.), Vol. 4, pp. 201-203.

Reviews

Jenness, J. & Shapiro, A. G. (1994). "Review of the 1993 Optical Society of America Annual Meeting" Color: research and application, Vol. 19, pp. 231-232.

Session Chair and Symposia

Co-organizer and chair of symposium entitled "Long-range interaction in the visual system." Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Santa Clara, CA (October 1999).

Co-organizer and chair of symposium entitled "Vision in Virtual Environments." Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Portland, OR (September, 1995).

Presider over "Motion and Boundaries." Paper session and discussion group at the Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Dallas, TX (October, 1994).

Invited Presentations

“Temporal sensitivity and contrast adaptation,” Colloquium given for the Applied Vision Research Center, City University of London (August 2001)

“Cone-specific mediation of rod system sensitivity.” Colloquium given for the Kenneth Craik Club of the University of Cambridge (March, 2001).

“Why physicists should be interested in Psychology: examples from visual adaptation and color perception.” Physics Coffee Talk, Bucknell University (April, 1999).

“Psychophysics in the medical environment.” A presentation to the residents of the medical school of the Oregon Health Sciences University (June, 1998).

“Color vision, color matching, and color space.” Physics and Mathematics symposium, Lewis and Clark College (December, 1997).

“Rod-mediated vision at mesopic light levels.” Current Research Issues in Ophthalmology seminar, Oregon Health Sciences University (November, 1997).

“Rod-photoreceptor contribution to color perception.” Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Long Beach, CA (October, 1997).

Shapiro, A. G., Pokorny, J., & Smith, V. "Rods and the 10 color-matching functions." Inter-Society Color Council Annual Meeting, Newport, RI (April, 1993).

Conference Presentations and Abstracts

Shapiro, A. G., D’Antona, A. D. (2003) “Perceived Contrast Asynchrony and Independent Directions ins Color Space” International Colour Vision Society, Seattle, WA

Shapiro, A. G., D’Antona, A. D. (2003) “The Winking Effect” Presentation for Visual Illusion Demonstration Night” Vision Sciences Society, Sarasota, Fl.

Shapiro, A. G., D’Antona, A. D. (2003) “Independent Directions in Color Space Identified Through Contrast Asynchrony” Vision Sciences Society, Sarasota, Fl.

Shapiro, A. G., Baldwin, L.A & Mollon, J. D. (2002) “The S and L-M chromatic systems have matched temporal processing characteristics only at low-light levels” European Conference for Visual Perception, Glasgow, Scotland

Shapiro, A. G., Baldwin, L. & Zaidi, Q. (2002) “Time Course of L-M System Adaptation to Simple and Complex Fields.” Vision Sciences Society, Sarasota, Fl.

Shapiro, A. G., Hood, S.M., & Mollon, J.D (2001) “Temporal frequency and contrast adaptation.” The Thomas Young Symposium” Cambridge England.

Johnson, J. J., Lowry, B., Eliseuson, S., & Shapiro, A. G. (2001). “Phantom-type referred sensations in a non-amputee.” Cognitive Neuroscience Society, New York, NY.

Stasson, S. W., Pokorny J., Smith V. C., & Shapiro A. G. (2001). “Reaction times to rod and cone incremental and decremental stimuli.” ARVO Annual Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL. Investigative Ophthalmology Suppl.

Shapiro, A. G., Beere, J, & Creasy, D. (2000) “Adaptation stages in the S-cone system.” In: The proceedings of the United Engineering Foundation Conference on Sensors and Sensing. Conference held in Tuscany Italy

Shapiro, A.G., Beere, J. L., & Zaidi, Q. (2000). “Time course of higher order adaptation in the S-(L+M) color system.” ARVO Annual Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL. Investigative Ophthalmology Suppl., Vol. 41.

Shapiro, A.G., Beere, J. L., & Zaidi, Q. (1999). “Temporal properties of adaptation stages along the S-(L+M) cardinal axis.” The 15th symposium of the International Colour Vision Society, Göttingen, Germany.

Shapiro, A.G., Chessman, L. J., Knight, R., & Buck, S. L. (1998). "Cone contribution to the rod threshold versus illuminance function." ARVO Annual Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL. Investigative Ophthalmology Suppl., Vol. 39.

Fowler, G. A., Buck, S. L., Shapiro, A.G., & Knight, R. (1997). "Linear opponent models of rod influence on hue perception." ARVO Annual Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL. Investigative Ophthalmology Suppl., Vol. 38, No. 4, p. 453.

Reyes, N. & Shapiro, A.G. (1997). "Localization and detection thresholds in one- and two-interval tasks." Western Psychological Association, Seattle, WA.

Shapiro, A. G., Pokorny, J., & Smith, V. (1996). "Cone-Rod Receptor Spaces." ARVO Annual Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL. Investigative Ophthalmology Suppl., Vol. 36

Shapiro, A. G., Pokorny, J., & Smith, V. (1994). "Lines of equal rod activity in color space." Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Dallas, TX.

Shapiro, A. G., Pokorny, J., & Smith, V. (1994). "The effects of viewing color CRT monitors on the rod-photoreceptors." Inter-Society Color Council Annual Meeting, Detroit MI.

Shapiro, A. G., Smith, V., & Pokorny, J. (1993). "Rod contribution to the 10 color-matching functions." Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Toronto, Ont. OSA Technical Digest, Vol. 24, p. 83.

Shapiro, A. G., Smith, V., & Pokorny, J. (1993). "Rods and color-matching functions." Presented by V. Smith at the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) Symposium on Advanced Colorimetry, Vienna, Austria.

Zaidi, Q. & Shapiro, A. G. (1993). "Functional models of adaptation to color mechanisms." ARVO Annual Meeting, Sarasota, FL. Investigative Ophthalmology Suppl., Vol. 34, No. 4, p. 765.

Shapiro, A. G. & Zaidi, Q. (1992). "Prolonged temporal modulation and the interaction of color mechanisms." Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, NM. OSA Technical Digest, Vol. 23, p. 51.

Greenstein, V., Ritch, R., Shapiro, A., Zaidi, Q., & Hood, D. (1992). "The effects of glaucoma on cone pathways." ARVO Annual Meeting, Sarasota, FL. Investigative Ophthalmology Suppl., Vol. 33, No. 4, p. 1383.

Shapiro, A. G. & Zaidi, Q. (1991). "The effects of prolonged temporal modulation on the response of color mechanisms." ARVO Annual Meeting, Sarasota, FL. Investigative Ophthalmology Suppl., Vol. 32, No. 4, p. 842.

Greenstein, V., Shapiro, A. G., Carr, R., Harooni, M., Hood, D., Ritch, R., & Zaidi, Q. (1991). "Chromatic and achromatic threshold changes associated with ocular disorders." ARVO Annual Meeting, Sarasota, FL. Investigative Ophthalmology Suppl., Vol. 32, No. 4, p. 1231.

Shapiro, A. G., Zaidi, Q., & Hood, D. (1990). "Adaptation in the red-green (l-m) color system." ARVO Annual Meeting, Sarasota, FL. Investigative Ophthalmology Suppl., Vol. 31, No. 4, p. 262.

Greenstein, V., Thomas, S., Shapiro, A. G., Zaidi, Q., & Hood, D. (1990). "A comparison of techniques for measuring s-cone sensitivity in diabetics." ARVO Annual Meeting, Sarasota, FL. Investigative Ophthalmology Suppl., Vol. 31, p. 423.

Zaidi, Q., Hood, D., & Shapiro, A. G. (1989). "The time course of sensitivity change in s-cone color mechanisms." ARVO Annual Meeting, Sarasota, FL. Investigative Ophthalmology Suppl., Vol. 30, No. 4, p. 221.

Shapiro, A. G., Meck, W. H., & Williams, C. L. (1988). "Choline supplementation during development: time frames for spatial memory facilitation." Society of Neuroscience Annual Meeting, Toronto, Ont. Neuroscience Suppl., Vol. 14, p. 58.

Meck, W. H., Shapiro, A. G., & Williams, C. L. (1988). "Prenatal choline exposure produces long-term improvement in temporal processing." Society of Neuroscience Annual Meeting, Toronto, Ont. Neuroscience Suppl., Vol. 14, p. 58.

Meck, W. H., Gibbon, J., Allan, L., & Shapiro, A. G. (1988). "Psychometric functions with and without reversals in temporal bisection." Psychonomic Society Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL. Psychonomic Society Suppl., Vol. 29, p. 13.

Journal and Grant Referee

Journal of Imaging Science and Technology

Department of Veterans Affairs

Perception and Psychophysics

Journal of the Optical Society of America

Vision Research

Color: research and application

Teaching Experience

Supervisor, University of Cambridge (2000-01)

Part Ib, Psychology: Corpus Christi College, Magdalene College

Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Psychology: Corpus Christi College

Part II Vision, Experimental Psychology: Gonville and Caius College, Pembroke

College, New College, Trinity College

Perception (1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003)

Perception Laboratory (1999, 2000, 2001, 2003)

Advanced Perception (1999, 2000, 2002)

Cognition (1996, 1997, 1998)

Statistics (1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000)

Advanced Statistics (1997)

Introduction to Psychology (1996, 1998, 2001)

Professional Association Memberships

Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology

International Colour Vision Society

Optical Society of America

Psychonomic Society

Other recent awards and professional activity

Chair, Committee on Admission and Financial Aid, Bucknell University (2001-2003)

Member of the organizing committee: International Colour Vision Society Bi-Annual Meeting, Cambridge, England (2001)

Selection Committee for the Godlove Award,

Intersociety Color Council (1999, 2001, 2003)

Delta Gamma Professor of the Month (October, 1998)